Resolving Litterbox Issues

If your cat has been urinating or defecating outside of their litterbox, we hope these tips can help you resolve these problems.

Urinating or Defecating Outside of the Litterbox
There are many different reasons that your cat may urinate or defecate outside their litterbox, and the key to resolving the problem is identifying why.

Medical condition: If your cat starts urinating or defecating outside of the litterbox, you should have them evaluated by a veterinarian to make sure that the issue isn't medical. Additionally, if you notice that your cat is straining to defecate, having fewer bowel movements than normal, having different consistency bowel movements, straining to urinate, vocalizing while urinating, has blood in their urine, is urinating smaller amounts more frequently, is drinking a lot more and urinating larger amounts, or any other unusual elimination behaviors, you should bring them to your veterinarian. Even if your cat is not exhibiting any of these symptoms, you should still consult your veterinarian to make sure that the problem is not medical related.
Recent changes: Have you had any recent changes in litterbox type, litter type, or litterbox location? If yes, going back to your original litterbox setup may help resolve the issue. Additionally, recent changes in household members, including animals, or other stressors may cause your cat to urinate outside of their litterbox. If you have recently added a new furry member to your family, read our Cat Introduction Tips for help on acclimation and introductions in the household. If your cat is new to the household, make sure they know where their litterboxes are and read our Cat Introduction Tips to help acclimate them to your household and introduce them to the furry members of your family.

Litterbox setup: You should have at least as many litterboxes as cats, plus one. So, if you have three cats, you should have four litterboxes. The litterboxes should be in at least two different locations. You can try putting a litterbox near the spot where you cat is eliminating inappropriately. If a litterbox is near food or water bowls, or in a location where your cat is uncomfortable, or feels like they may get trapped when they go to use the litterbox, your cat may decide to use eliminate elsewhere. If that is the case, try moving the litterbox to a location where your cat feels more comfortable. Many cats like their litterbox in a quiet location where they can see other animals and people approaching, that also has multiple escape routes.
Litterbox cleanliness: If the litterboxes you have aren't clean enough for your cat's standards, they may choose to eliminate elsewhere. Scoop and change the litterboxes at least once a day. Completely clean out and wash the litterboxes at least once a week.
Litterbox type: Many cats are very particular about their litterbox type. Make sure your litterbox is big enough for your cat. Some cats prefer litterboxes with high sides, while others prefer low sides. Some cats may be uncomfortable with a litterbox liner or with a cover. If your cat is older, pregnant, or has gained weight, they may have a greater difficulty using litterboxes with higher sides or covers.
Litter type: Most cats prefer clumping, unscented litter. They may prefer the litter they used as a kitten. Most cats prefer a litter depth of one to two inches over a larger litter depth.

Sources and Additional Resources
ASPCA Litterbox Problem Management Tips
vcahospitals.com/know-your-pet/cat-behavior-problems-house-soiling
https://pets.webmd.com/cats/guide/solving-cat-litter-box-problems#1